Network Security and Management

by Professor Brijendra Singh.

Systems Analysis and Design

by Professor Brijendra Singh.

Data Communication And Computer Networks

by Professor Brijendra Singh.

Quality Control And Reliability Analysis

by Professor Brijendra Singh

Tuesday, 28 April 2020

Data Mining, Database and Temporal Database



Data Mining, Database and Temporal Database



Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of  machine learning, statistics, and database systems. OR it can be defined as Data Mining is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing the results as useful information.


Explain some important terms, which are used in data mining:

A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for each of the variables, such as height and weight of an object, for each member of the data set. Each value is known as a datum. Data sets can also consist of a collection of documents or files.

Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. It is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model based on sample data, known as training data, in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as email filtering and computer vision, where it is difficult or infeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks.

DBMS

The DBMS is the software that interacts with end-users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modelling techniques.

Temporal database stores data relating to time instances. It offers temporal data types and stores information relating to past, present and future time. Temporal databases could be uni-temporal, bi-temporal or tri-temporal.
More specifically the temporal aspects usually include valid time, transaction time or decision time.
  • Valid time is the time period during which a fact is true in the real world.
  • Transaction time is the time period during which a fact stored in the database was known.
  • Decision time is the time period during which a fact stored in the database was decided to be valid.

Temporal Data Mining is a rapidly evolving area of research that is at the intersection of several disciplines, including statistics (e.g., time series analysis), temporal pattern recognition, temporal databases, optimisation, visualisation, high-performance computing, and parallel computing. 

The research area of temporal databases has made important contributions in characterizing the semantics of such information and in providing expressive and efficient means to model, store, and query temporal data.




An Efficient Approach for Improving Website Design



An Efficient Approach for Improving Website Design

Prof. Brijendra Singh, Hemant Kumar Singh

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brijendra_Singh16



Day by day competition is increasing, organizations do not want to annotate and loose user due to poor website structure. The objective of organization is that user must get required information in one or two clicks away in their website. At present two approaches are available to improve the website structure i.e. Web personalization and Web Transformation. In web personalization web pages are rearranged in a website and in Web Transformation links on web pages increased without changing the original structure. These approaches make the navigation effective for the user but how can it be find that rearranging or re-linking of website is required. The objective of the paper is to help website developers whenever website design needs enhancement in website. This paper proposed an efficient approach for improving website design which is based on the threshold value. It finds average number of clicks …



Published by
Prof. Brijendra Singh, Hemant Kumar Singh
IEEE Conference
2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies
Publication date   2015/4/4   
Pages  945-949

Monday, 27 April 2020

Algorithm for Web Server Security


Algorithm for Web Server Security


by  &Agarwal

The Web application layer is the number one target for malicious online attacks. Millions of Web sites regulate access to highly sensitive information including social security numbers, credit card numbers, names, addresses, birthdates, intellectual property, financial records, trade secrets, medical data, and more. These data must be rigorously protected from intruders. To reduce the risk of losses, brand damage, theft of intellectual property, legal liability, and fines, enterprises need timely information about how Web sites are penetrated and how they can be defended. This article presents an algorithm to generate the security report. The proposed algorithm uses the experimental data of 69 different Indian research/educational Web sites and the generated security report took place after checking all the possible prospective of obtained experimental attributes dataset. This article also presents the changes in the security settings of the Indian Web sites within 3 years, on the bases of open port’s study of 3 years experimental result. Based on port scanning, preventive security measures can be taken by organizations as a policy matter.

PUBLISHED IN IETE Journal of Research

Publication Cover
 
Journal

IETE Journal of Research 

Volume 57, 2011 - Issue 5

Everyone reacts differently to stressful situations


Everyone reacts differently to stressful situations

Taking care of yourself, your friends, and family can help you cope with stress. Helping others cope with their stress can also make your community stronger. 
Stress is actually a normal part of life. At times, it serves a useful purpose. Stress can motivate you to get that promotion at work, or run the last mile of a marathon. But if you don't get a handle on your stress and it becomes long-term, it can seriously interfere with your job, family life, and health. 
How you respond to the outbreak can depend on your background, the things that make you different from other people, and the community you live in.
A positive attitude helps stop you from being dragged down by unhappy feelings. A positive attitude also boosts the problem solving that a stressful situation requires.
People who may respond more strongly to the stress of a crisis include people who are helping with the response to COVID-19, like doctors, other health care providers, and first responders.
We must focus on facts, reject rumours and theories. we can avoid fear or depression upto certain level with the help of correct and reliable information.  We must know, that knowledge is power; If you know correct information about a certain issue, then less fearful you may feel. We must make sure to access and believe only the most reliable sources of information for self-protection. It is essential for us, Do not follow sensational news or social media posts which may impact on your mental state as well as do not spread or share any unverified news or information further.



Wednesday, 22 April 2020

Challenges to Education after COVID-19


Challenges to Education after COVID-19

Government of India is taking all necessary steps to ensure that we are prepared well to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing pandemic of COVID-19 the Corona Virus. 

The COVID-19 crisis may well change our world and our global outlook; it may also teach us about how education needs to change to be able to better prepare our young learners for what the future might hold. Technology in education is the biggest change in teaching we will ever see. For years, policy makers, teachers, parents and students alike have been weighing the potential benefits of technology in education against its risks and consequences.

We will need to redefine the role of the educator in the classroom, students are able to gain access to knowledge, and even learn a technical skill, through a few clicks on their phones, tablets and computers. The increase of digital and internet-based learning has certainly provided a strong platform for better communication between the teachers and the students. Educators across the world are experiencing new possibilities to do things differently and with greater flexibility resulting in potential benefits in accessibility to education for students across the world. Technology has stepped into the breach, and will continue to play a key role in educating future generations.

Digital learning can be defined as web-based learning which effectively makes use of the information technology to impart knowledge to the students. In fact, this has been introduced only a few years ago and has got a tremendous response from all over the world. The careers of this year’s university graduates may be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. They have experienced major teaching interruptions in the final part of their studies, they are experiencing major interruptions in their assessments, and finally they are likely to graduate at the beginning of a major global recession.

The remote teaching and learning efforts that all our professors and students are now engaged in do not resemble what we think of as traditional online education. Quality online learning programs are high-input operations, requiring both time to develop and significant investments to run. Very few colleges and universities were doing absolutely nothing with online education pre-COVID-19. 

This post-pandemic understanding will change how schools plan for, manage and fund online education. Gone will be the days when individual schools within a university will be able to go their own way with online education. There is a real risk of regression for children whose basic, foundational learning (reading, math, languages, etc.) was not strong to begin with. And millions of children who have already been deprived of their right to education,

Large-scale, national efforts to utilise technology in support of remote learning, distance education and online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic are emerging and evolving quickly. As a result of the coronavirus, many schools have quickly become 'virtual'. Much is known about what works, and what doesn't, when it comes to 'virtual schooling’.

The school or the institute which has decided to opt for the e-learning teaching procedure do have a vital role to play here. Either they can hire teachers and tutors who have comprehensive knowledge of digital learning tools and methods or else they can make proper arrangements to train the teachers about how to use the digital programs effectively. It is altogether a new experience for both the students and the teachers and inspires them to do something constructive while gaining the knowledge through advanced tools.

SWAYAM (www.swayam.gov.in) : one of the major initiatives by Hon’ble Prime Minister 0f India Sri Narendra Modi is launching of India’s first Government MOOCs platform, which is leading the MOOCs platform across the globe.SWAYAM (Study web of Active Learning for the Young Aspiring Minds) provides an integrated platform for online courses, using ICT and covering courses from High School to Post Graduate Subjects including skill sector courses to ensure that every student benefits from learning material through ICT. High quality material can be used by students through multimedia on anytime, anywhere.




Saturday, 11 April 2020

Impact of COVID-19 on education and its challenges


Impact of COVID-19 on Education and its challenges

People all over the India have been encountered with naval pandemic named COVID-19, causing deaths of hundreds of people. Number of infected people and deaths are increasing every day. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus. The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flue) with symptoms such as cough and fever and in more cases, difficulty breathing. you can protect yourself by washing your hands frequently, avoiding touching your face, avoiding close contact ( one meter or three feet) with who are unwell. Coronavirus disease spreads primarily through contact with infected person when they cough or sneeze. It also spreads when a person touches a surface or object that has the virus on it, then touches their eyes, nose or mouth.

If the covid-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of India’s healthcare system , it has also exposed the inadequacy of India’s university system. At a time when the world’s universities have been at the forefront in the battle against the novel coronavirus, Indian universities are still not on the frontlines yet. Researchers at the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London have built epidemiological models of the spread of the virus that have influenced public policies in the UK and elsewhere. 

Government of India is taking all necessary steps to ensure that we are prepared well to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing pandemic of COVID-19 the Corona Virus. With active support of the people of India, we have been able to contain the spread of the Virus in our country. The most important factor in preventing the spread of the Virus locally is to empower the citizens with the right information and taking precautions as per the advisories being issued by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.People of all ages CAN be infected by the coronavirus. Older people, and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus.

Bringing together scientists, public health decision-makers, medical journalists, technology and social media platforms and civil society, this consultation aimed to develop a framework for interventions to help share reliable information, while reducing misinformation, rumours and myths about COVID-19.

In this International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife, World Health Day highlights the critical role played by nurses and midwives, who are at the forefront of the COVID-19 response globally."There is no black or white answer, and no silver bullet. Masks alone cannot stop the COVID19 pandemic. Countries must continue to find, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact”.

Just as health workers are putting themselves in danger to save lives from COVID-19. There is no black or white answer, and no silver bullet. Masks alone cannot stop the pandemic. Countries must continue to find, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact.

You can protect yourself and help prevent spreading the virus to others if you:

Do
*Wash your hands regularly for 20 seconds, with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.
*Cover your nose and mouth with a disposable tissue or flexed elbow when you cough or sneeze.
*Avoid close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell.
*Stay home and self-isolate from others in the household if you feel unwell.
Don't
*Touch your eyes, nose, or mouth if your hands are not clean.

As the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) spread across the globe and in India, alarm bells are sounding in the education sector. Number of students have plans to pursue their higher education in universities abroad. What are these students supposed to do? How are universities and schools across the globe impacted by the novel Coronavirus?
Institutes across the globe are simply instructed to limit the exposure of susceptible student population. This includes measure such as-
  • School closures
  • Postponing/rescheduling examinations
  • Cleaning and sanitization of premises
  • Consideration of long-term contingency 
  • Exam Results has published a list of rescheduled or postponed board exams across India. This can help you remain updated on the latest announcements or changes related to board exam schedules across the country.
The impact on education is likely to cause losses in terms of dropout rates and learning outcomes, especially in regions with low shock-resilience. Children have fewer opportunities of learning from home. Further, closure of schools is likely to lead to parents missing work, in order to stay at home and take care of the children. This also affects productivity, incurs loss in wages, consequently affecting the community and the economy as a whole.
A large number of health-care professionals are women. Their work may be disrupted by the presence of their children at home due to school closures, causing unintended strain on health-care related systems 
What are the possible alternatives for interrupted education during COVID-19?
- Exploring the possibility of digital learning, high and low technology solutions etc on the basis of power supply, digital skills of teachers and students, and internet connectivity
- Inclusion in distance learning programs, especially for students coming from low-income groups or presence of disability, etc.
- Providing support for digitalization to teachers as well as studentsDigital learning platforms
Several online learning platforms are offering their services to a wider audience. Toppr made its services free for use for some time, especially for class 10th and class 12th students in India. Learning, teaching and training are profoundly affected by the challenges of the digital age. Whether you are a teacher, lecturer, trainer, librarian, researcher, manager or learning technologist, the Digital Education programme (formerly known as E-learning) will give you the practical teaching skills and critical insight you need in this fast-moving and richly diverse field.
Digital technology in India has been evolving over the last few years, changing the way students learn concepts in school. The traditional chalk and talk method has paved the way for more interactive teaching methods as schools are increasingly adopting digital solutions to keep themselves abreast with the technological changes. As the current generation of students is well-versed with laptops, i-pads, and smartphones, these innovative methods of teaching guarantee more participation from students. To cater to the school students’ needs, education providers such as Educomp, Tata Class Edge, Pearson, and TeachNext have been coming up with interactive software to aid teachers in classroom teaching. However, usage of digital technologies in institutes of higher education is still in its nascent stages and efforts are being made to fine-tune these technologies to adapt to the needs of University students. In short, content development is yet to mature in colleges and universities across India.

Friday, 10 April 2020

Network Management

Network Management


The objective of network management is to meet the requirements of a network which includes availability, real-time, operational performance, and Quality of Service at a reasonable cost.
Network Management can be defined as OAM and P (Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning) of Network and services.

Network Management
* Network management software,
* Clients, servers, managers and agents,

* Simple Network Management Protocol


Any complex systems requires monitoring and control.
Management involved the deployment, integration and coordination of devices to monitor, test, poll, configure, analyse, evaluate, and control the network and its components.

Performance Management
The goal is to quantify, measure, report, analyse and control the utilisation or throughput of different network components.
Performance management of computer network comprises two broad functional categories - monitoring and controlling. 

Fault Management
To maintain proper operation of complex network, care must be taken that system as a whole, and each essential component individually, are in proper working order.
The goal is to log, detect, and respond to fault conditions in the network.

Configuration Management
The goal is to allow network manager to track which devices are on the managed network and the hardware and software configurations of these device. Configuration management is concerned with initialising a network and gracefully down part or all of the networks.

Accounting Management
Accounting management allows the network manager to specify log and control uses and device access to network resources.
Usage quotas, usage-based changing, allocation of resources and privileges all fall under accounting. 

Security Management
Security management is concerned with information protection and access control facilities.
The goal of security management is to control access to network resources according to well-defined policy.