Educational technology is the combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. Educational technology encompasses several domains including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and m-learning, where mobile technologies are used. Educational technology is the process of integrating technology into education in a positive manner that promotes a more diverse learning environment and a way for students to learn how to use technology as well as their common assignments.
Educational technologists try to analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate processes and tools to enhance learning. Helping people and children learn in ways that are easier, faster, more accurate, or less expensive can be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, such as paintings on cave walls.
Slide projectors were widely used during the 1950s in educational institutional settings.
Online education originated from the University of Illinois in 1960. Although the internet would not be created for another nine years, students were able to access class information with linked computer terminals. The first online course was offered in 1986 by the Electronic University Network for DOS and Commodore 64 computers.
The 1970s and 1980s saw notable contributions in computer-based learning by Murray Turoff and Starr Roxanne Hiltz at the New Jersey Institute of Technology as well as developments at the University of Guelph in Canada. By the mid-1980s, accessing course content became possible at many college libraries. In computer-based training/ learning, the learning interaction was between the student and computer drills or micro-world simulations.
Digitized communication and networking in education started in the mid-1980s. Educational institutions began to take advantage of the new medium by offering distance learning courses using computer networking for information. Videoconferencing was an important forerunner to the educational technologies known today.
The Open University in Britain and the University of British Columbia (where Web CT, now incorporated into Blackboard Inc., was first developed) began a revolution of using the Internet to deliver learning, making heavy use of web-based training, online distance learning and online discussion between students.
With the advent of World Wide Web in the 1990s, teachers embarked on the method of using emerging technologies to employ multi-object oriented sites, which are text-based online virtual reality systems, to create course websites along with simple sets of instructions for their students.
Modern educational technology can improve access to education, including full degree programs. It enables better integration for non-full-time students, particularly in continuing education and improved interactions between students and instructors, Learning material can be used for long-distance learning and are accessible to a wider audience. Course materials are easy to access.
The provision of high-speed internet, telephone, and radio services should be available in the rural area for a quick conversation. The implementation of the latest technology is important for the social and structural development of the rural areas in India.
However, in rural areas there are challenges that appear to slow down the progress and the realisation of the impact of ICTs. These ICT challenges include poor infrastructure, technological illiteracy, high costs of ICTs etc. An assessment of ICT challenges within rural areas was done. A present survey has found that majority students don’t have uninterrupted internet access. “Over 50% students (in both urban and rural areas) don’t have proper internet access,”
It is essential to Improved Internet functionality enabled new schemes of communication with multimedia or webcams.
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