Exchange of information is required in many situations between two users. In such situations, data communication is needed. A computer network is a collection of computers and peripheral devices (the network components) connected by communication links that allow the network components to work together.
Computer networks can be defined as an interconnected collection of autonomous computers. Network can be defined into two categories : point to point and broadcast network.
A point-to-point connection refers to a communications connection between two communication endpoints or nodes. A simple Point to Point Network is a permanent link between two endpoints. A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices. The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices.
Broadcasting is a method of transferring a message to all recipients simultaneously. Broadcasting can be performed as a high-level operation in a program. A point-to-point transmission with one sender and one receiver is called unicasting. Broadcast links is in contrast a communication channel that is shared by all the computers in the network.
A broadcast network avoids the complex routing procedures of a switched network by ensuring that each node's transmissions are received by all other nodes in the network. Therefore, a broadcast network has only a single communications channel.
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