Discuss the Different Types of system such as Abstract System, Physical system, open system, closed system, manual system and automatic system.

Discuss the Different Types of system such as Abstract System, Physical system, open system, closed system, manual system and automatic system.

Abstract System

Every conceptual system is an abstract system i.e. orderly arrangement of interdependent ideas. For example, Computer Program.

Physical System:

Set of tangible elements interacting and operating together to accomplish common goal. For example – Computer/Car – arrangement of physical parts.

 

Open System:

An open system is one that interacts with its environments and thus exchanges information, material, or energy with the environment, including random and undefined inputs. Open systems are adaptive in nature as they tend to react with the environment in such a way organizing, in the sense that they change their continued existence. Open system interacts freely with its environment and its elements by taking input and returning output. For example-information system are open systems  because they accept inputs from environment and sends outputs to environment.

Closed System:

Such systems are "Self Organizing" because they change their organization in response to changing conditions. A closed system in one which does not interact with its environment. Such systems in business world, are rare. Thus the systems that are relatively isolated from the environment but not completely closed are termed closed systems closed system relatively shorter life cycle because it decays faster for not having any input/interaction from environment. For example – Physical System such as "Throw - away" type sealed digital watch and Management Information System such as computer system designed to helps managers plan and direct business and organizational operations. 

      Manual System:

When data collection, maniplation, maintenance and final reporting are carried out absolutely by human efforts.  

Automated System:

System – where computer or microprocessors are used to carry out all the tasks mentioned above. It depends on manual interaction in a small way. It involves a close man – machine interaction. 

Why use computers? Because otherwise work too difficult, time consuming and sometimes impossible. The reasons for using computer in business area are as follows:

• Handling huge data volume
• Storing data for indefinite period
• Quick and accurate data-processing
• Quick retrieval of information on query
• Quick and effective transportation of data/information to distant places
• Using software tools for quick decision – making. 

                     Deterministic System:

A deterministic system is one in which the occurances of all events is known with certainly. If the description of the system state at a particular point of time of its operation is given, the next state can be perfectly predicted. Deterministic system operates in a predictable manner as well as interaction among the parts is known with certainty, therefore future state/action can be predicted without error. For example computer program.  

Probatrilistic System:

A probabilistic system is one in which the occurrence of events cannot be perfectly predicted. Though the behavior of such a system can be described in terms of probability, a certain degree of error is always attached to the prediction of the behavior. For example Inventory System.