Political versus bureaucratic corruption
Political or grand corruption takes place at the highest levels of political authority. It is when the politicians and political decision-makers (heads of state, ministers and top officials), who are entitled to formulate, establish and implement the laws in the name of the people, are themselves corrupt.
Political corruption can thus be distinguished from bureaucratic corruption, which is corruption in the public administration, at the implementation end of politics. This “low level” or “street level” corruption is what citizens will experience daily, in their encounter with public administration and services like hospitals, schools, local
Political corruption is usually supported by widespread bureaucratic or petty corruption, in a pyramid of upward extraction. And corruption in high places is contagious to lower level officials, as these will follow the predatory examples of, or even take instructions from, their principals. This is why a strict definition of corruption as a deviation from formal rules, and a particular focus on bureaucratic corruption alone, can be misleading.
Bureaucratic corruption can be controlled and restricted when there is a political will and political ability to implement the necessary regulations.
Political or grand corruption takes place at the highest levels of political authority. It is when the politicians and political decision-makers (heads of state, ministers and top officials), who are entitled to formulate, establish and implement the laws in the name of the people, are themselves corrupt.
Political corruption can thus be distinguished from bureaucratic corruption, which is corruption in the public administration, at the implementation end of politics. This “low level” or “street level” corruption is what citizens will experience daily, in their encounter with public administration and services like hospitals, schools, local
Political corruption is usually supported by widespread bureaucratic or petty corruption, in a pyramid of upward extraction. And corruption in high places is contagious to lower level officials, as these will follow the predatory examples of, or even take instructions from, their principals. This is why a strict definition of corruption as a deviation from formal rules, and a particular focus on bureaucratic corruption alone, can be misleading.
Bureaucratic corruption can be controlled and restricted when there is a political will and political ability to implement the necessary regulations.
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